Sucha Singh and Anr vs. State of Punjab [AIR 2003 SC 976]: Supreme Court of India
Benefit of doubt to accused should not mature fanciful doubts
20. Exaggerated devotion to the rule of
benefit of doubt must not nurture fanciful doubts or lingering suspicion and
thereby destroy social defence. Justice cannot be made sterile on the plea that
it is better to let hundred guilty escape than punish an innocent. Letting
guilty escape is not doing justice according to law. [See: Gurbachan Singh v.
Satpal Singh and Others [AIR 1990 SC 209]. Prosecution is not required to meet
any and every hypothesis put forward by the accused. [See State of U.P. v.
Ashok Kumar Srivastava [AIR 1992 SC 840]. A reasonable doubt is not an
imaginary, trivial or merely possible doubt, but a fair doubt based upon reason
and common sense. It must grow out of the evidence in the case. If a case is
proved perfectly, it is argued that it is artificial; if a case has some flaws
inevitable because human beings are prone to err, it is argued that it is too
imperfect. One wonders whether in the meticulous hypersensitivity to eliminate
a rare innocent from being punished, many guilty persons must be allowed to
escape. Proof beyond reasonable doubt is a guideline, not a fetish. [See Inder
Singh and Anr. v. State (Delhi Admn.) (AIR 1978 SC 1091)]. Vague hunches cannot
take place of judicial evaluation. “A judge does not preside over a
criminal trial, merely to see that no innocent man is punished. A judge also
presides to see that a guilty man does not escape. Both are public
duties.” (Per Viscount Simon in Stirland v. Director of Public Prosecution
(1944 AC (PC) 315) quoted in State of U.P. v. Anil Singh (AIR 1988 SC 1998).
Doubts would be called reasonable if they are free from a zest for abstract
speculation. Law cannot afford any favourite other than truth.
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